Essay on Changes in the American Diet - 3384 Words

I. Introduction A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This paper will consider the adaptations of the United States to a changing diet, from the early to late twentieth century. B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The purpose of this project is to research the evolution in American cuisine throughout the 1900s, towards a more convenience-based pattern of food consumption. The modernization of the United States, particularly in terms of the workforce, will be examined as it relates to a changing diet. Finally, some effects of these changes will be described. II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Background: Early Twentieth Century Cooking III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Modernization of the United States A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this paper is to review the literature relating to the changes in American diet in the twentieth century. Background will be presented on American food preparation, and the process of modernization will be analyzed. Moreover, the specific alterations to food patterns will be documented, as a parallel to modernization. The negative consequences of the late twentieth century diet will be summarized lastly. Background: Early Twentieth Century Cooking nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The early 1900s saw most American meals prepared in the home by women, characteristically housewives. Caring for the home was considered a full-time career for married women, and the work associated was typically legitimate as such, with the average woman spending forty-four hours a week preparing (and cleaning after) meals, with an additional seven hours for laundry and general housecleaning (Bowers, 2000). Food was prepared from scratch, using coal or wood stoves and water that often needed to be transported from a pump (Bowers, 2000). And this food was prepared for an average household size of 4.8 family members (Bowers, 2000). In 1900, sixty percent of the U.S. population lived in rural areas, and women also did much of the gardening and canning as necessary (Bowers, 2000). Modernization of the United States nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With the spread of the Industrial Revolution, America became increasingly urbanized, with the urban population surpassing theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Changing Diet from Fast Food to Vegan574 Words   |  3 PagesWould the American diet be easy to change, no it would not but there are good reasons to try. If the American diet was changed to a vegan one then it would help lower obesity, lower diabetes, and lower high blood pressure. Changing the American diet from fast food and high protein meats to a vegan diet would decrease child obesity by 10%, lower diabetes by 2%, and lower high blood pressure by 1%. Diabetes is a disease that means the pancreas cannot produce insulin for the body. Insulin is usedRead MoreAnalysis Of Fast Food By Michael Pollan1134 Words   |  5 PagesPollan expresses his views on what the Western diet is and how Americans need to escape from it. To the author, a type of American diet consists of an excessive amount of fast food and how it can lead to obesity and illnesses. Pollan expresses how he disagrees with the diet and states that both food and health industries are partially to blame for this. Pollan gives his opinion on the food industry, medical community and his own ideas on how to escape this diet. I agree with Michael Pollan’s views inRead MoreThe Macrobiotic Diet Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesyear, the number of Americans going on a diet increases. Surveys performed by the federal government demonstrate how prevalent the desire for weight loss is in American society. 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While individuals are usually not aware of the ingredients that food containsRead MoreIn the 1960s the American Heart Association debuted a film named â€Å"Eat to Your Heart’s Content†.1400 Words   |  6 Pages In the 1960s the American Heart Association debuted a film named â€Å"Eat to Your Heart’s Content†. This video brought national attention to saturated fats in the American diet. It inspired an article in the 1969 *Farm Journal* to ask the question, â€Å"Do animal fats cause heart attacks?† Up until the American Heart Association released this video, no health or medical organization had recommended an overall transition from saturated animal fats to unsaturated vegetable oils. According to the article inRead MoreAll Humans Love Food?1711 Words   |  7 Pagesnaturally omnivorous creatures—abstain from eating meats and dairy products. This is specifically referring to the vegan diet, which has arisen in recent years, though still remains at .5% of the U.S. population identifying as vegan according to a 2014 study (Garbett et al. 453). Despite the claims of most Americans in the general population, veganism is actually an entirely viable diet for one to have, and when done correctly, does not produce any negative effects on individuals due to this lack of meatRead MoreEssay on The American Diet1159 Words   |  5 Pages Most Americans do not care enough to take a look at the nutritional values of the food that he or she is consuming. That is why America has the highest percentage of obesity in the world. This is a serious problem because one in every three adults is obese, and one in every six children is obese. There are many factors that go into the regular American diet, but most of those factors are not appealing nor is it healthy. Americans put way too much processed food into their daily diet. Some wouldRead MoreObesity And Obesity Among Hispanic And African American Communities1701 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween exercise/diets with obesity and diabetes among Hispanic and African American populations. The two communities face challenges of contracting diabetes and obesity owing to their lifestyle. There is much to compare among the African American and Hispanic people as far as their culture and observance of healthy living are concerned. The study also presents a future projection of the issues that need addressing to mitigate obesity and diabetes among the Hispanic and African American communities inRead MoreThe American Paradox By Michael Pollan973 Words   |  4 PagesIn Michael Pollan’s essay, â€Å"The American Paradox†, Pollan argues that American’s hold falsified ideas if one is more focused on nutrition. Americans have too much going on in their head with trying to be healthy, that they do not actually become healthy. The notion that â€Å"a notably unhealthy population preoccupied with nutrition and the idea of eating healthy† (Pollan 268) is what Pollan defines as the â€Å"American paradox†. The amount of time spent focusing on healthy eating habits decreases the joyRead MoreEscape from the Western Diet Essay example740 Words   |  3 PagesIn Michael Pollan’s essay â€Å"Escape from the Western Diet,† he informs Americans about the western diet and believes they need to escape from it. The reason Americans should escape the western diet is to avoid the harmful effects associated with it such as â€Å"western diseases† (Pollan, 434). To support his view on the issue, Pollan describes factors of the western diet that dictate what Americans believe they should eat. These factors include scientists with their theories of nutritionism, the food industry

the jungle Essay - 1116 Words

Upton Sinclair was the most famous of the American â€Å"muckraker† journalists. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. Although his family was poor, Sinclair was able to earn money as a writer from a very early age, and was able to save enough money to go to college. He attended the city college of New York and graduated from there with a B.A. degree. Soon after he went to Columbia University to graduate school. It was there that he began writing full-length novels with important social themes. His novels showed that he was concerned with the conditions of working people. During the early part of the twentieth century businesses had very little to restrain them and working class unions were not nearly as common as they are†¦show more content†¦The conditions of work are inhuman, and the workers are treated equally bad. Jurgis’s father is only able to get a job after bribing the boss of the pickling room in a meatpacking plant. The conditions are horrible and in the end kill the old man. Winter brings fresh cruelties. Walking to work in the snow is difficult, the factories are unheated, and for Jurgis the killing beds are fraught with danger due to poor visibility. Marija, however, is soon plunged into gloom when she loses her well-paid job when the canning factory closes down. Marija’s factory re-opens, but she soon loses her job for demanding her rights when she is shorted on her pay. Ona, who is pregnant, is facing trouble at work from her forelady. She realizes that her boss runs a prostitution racket and forcibly uses the girls working at the factory. Ona gives birth to a baby boy, Antanas, names after Jurgis’s father, who has passed away. Weakened by the delivery and forced to return to work within seven days, Ona never recovers her health. Jurgis then sprains an ankle at work, but it turns out to be a pulled tendon and keeps him from work for almost 3 months. During his time of recovery he sees that his family might not make it. He is finally able to work again and gets a job at a horribly unhealthy fertilizer plant. He copes with this job by giving into drinking to help him forget about his problems. Winter comes again and everyone must workShow MoreRelated The Jungle1075 Words   |  5 Pages The Jungle Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, clearly depicts the socio-economic strife and political turpitude that ushered America into the 20th century. While telling the story of Lithuanian immigrants struggling to survive in Chicago, Sinclair illustrates how avarice and ruthless competition were driving forces in the exploitational predatory capitalist  ³jungle ² of American  ³society ² at the turn of the century. This radical novel, described as muckraking by PresidentRead MoreThe Jungle1982 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: THE JUNGLE The Jungle [Writer Name] [Institute Name] The Jungle Thesis Statement In this novel Upton Sinclair shows the problems of working class people. His believe in and contempt for capitalism as described in this story â€Å"The Jungle†. The writer explains capitalism in which the labor communities were treated very badly and to survive in the conditions of poverty. The novel rotates around the family of a character Jurgis Rudkus who have immigrated to America from Lithuania. AsRead MoreThe Jungle Analysis1641 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption, lies, adultery, politics, and death are all topics addressed in Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel The Jungle. The book reveals the atrocities that occurred during the early 1900’s in Chicago’s cruel and disgusting meatpacking district. The Jungle chronicles the struggle of a Lithuanian family that came to America with dreams of making their riches and passing it on to their descendants. Analysis of the novel reveals a recurring theme of how desperation makes people do horrible things such asRead More The Jungle Essay774 Words   |  4 Pages The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclairs The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic andRead MoreEssay On The Jungle Of Mystery751 Words   |  4 PagesDrew Meyer Taler’s Adventure Once upon a time, there was a tiger named Taler who lived in the Jungle of Mystery. The Jungle of Mystery has flowers of many colors. Taler really liked the blue flowers that grew alongside the cliff. That cliff looked over the waterfall. Her sister, Tara, said, â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliff.† Taler heard what her sister said, but she did it anyway, and everyday Taler would get closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliffRead MoreThe Irony of the Jungle1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe Irony of The Jungle Between 1870 and 1900 Chicago grew from a population of 299,000 to almost 1.7 million, the fastest-growing city ever at the time. This surge in population was largely attributed to immigrants coming from European countries seeking a chance for employment and new freedoms associated with moving to the United States at the time. 1905, in particular, was a historic year when a surge of over 1 million immigrants came to the city. 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Although what the book is most recognized for is creating the Pure Food and Drug Act, an act that gave consumers protection from dangerous and impure foods, the many various horrors the lower working class had to go through was something that deserved more recognition. Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, gives an insight on howRead More The Jungle Essay478 Words   |  2 Pages The Jungle By: Upton Sinclair The story opens with the feast at Jurgis and Ona’s wedding in America, but soon flashes back to the time before they left Lithuania. Jurgis met Ona at a horse fair, and fell in love with her. Unfortunately, they were too poor to have a wedding, since Ona’s father just died. In the hopes of finding freedom and fortune, they left for America, bringing many members of Ona’s family with them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During time in America, Jurgis and his wifeRead MoreThe Jungle and In the Waiting Room1545 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s world immigration and emigration has vastly increased. With these increased movements around the world, the lack of communication creates many consequences. Without a language in common the attempt at communication is a difficult process. In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair explores the consequences of language barriers through a new immigrant family. The Lithuanian family do not have the language skills required for their new life in America and everyday life is a struggle. The problems that rise from

Solar Cells Essay Paper Example For Students

Solar Cells Essay Paper Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most commonelements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the firsttypes to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They donot pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solarheaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently andthere are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on howsuch a device would function. To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to somebasic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit acentral nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. each electron carries onenegative charge and each proton one positive charge. Neutrons carry no charge. Every atom has the same number of electrons as there are protons, so, on thewhole, it is electrically neutral. The electrons have discrete kinetic energylevels, which increase with the orbital radius. When atoms bond together to forma solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors,these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is anenergy gap, in which no electron orbits can exist, between the inner valenceband and outer conduction band Book 1. Valence electrons help to bind togetherthe atoms in a solid by orbiting 2 adjacent nucleii, while conduction electrons,being less closely bound to the nucleii, are free to move in response to anapplied voltage or electric field. The fewer conduction electrons there are, thehigher the electrical resistivity of the material. In semiconductors, the materials from which solar sells are made, theenergy gap Eg is fairly small. Because of this, electrons in the valence bandcan easily be made to jump to the conduction band by the injection of energy,either in the form of heat or light Book 4. This explains why the highresistivity of semiconductors decreases as the temperature is raised or thematerial illuminated. The excitation of valence electrons to the conduction bandis best accomplished when the semiconductor is in the crystalline state, i.e. when the atoms are arranged in a precise geometrical formation or lattice. At room temperature and low illumination, pure or so-called intrinsicsemiconductors have a high resistivity. But the resistivity can be greatlyreduced by doping, i.e. introducing a very small amount of impurity, of theorder of one in a million atoms. There are 2 kinds of dopant. Those which havemore valence electrons that the semiconductor itself are called donors andthose which have fewer are termed acceptors Book 2. In a silicon crystal, each atom has 4 valence electrons, which are sharedwith a neighbouring atom to form a stable tetrahedral structure. Phosphorus,which has 5 valence electrons, is a donor and causes extra electrons to appearin the conduction band. Silicon so doped is called n-type Book 5. On theother hand, boron, with a valence of 3, is an acceptor, leaving so-calledholes in the lattice, which act like positive charges and render thesiliconp-typeBook 5. The drawings in Figure 1.2 are 2-dimensional representationsof n- and p-type silicon crystals, in which the atomic nucleii in the latticeare indicated by circles and the bonding valence electrons are shown as linesbetween the atoms. Holes, like electrons, will remove under the influence of anapplied voltage but, as the mechanism of their movement is valence electronsubstitution from atom to atom, they are less mobile than the free conductionelectrons Book 2. .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .postImageUrl , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:hover , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:visited , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:active { border:0!important; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:active , .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07c0a54cd67acbbb73fe3003dd24ba4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cask Of Amontillado (829 words) EssayIn a n-on-p crystalline silicon solar cell, a shadow junction is formed bydiffusing phosphorus into a boron-based base. At the junction, conductionelectrons from donor atoms in the n-region diffuse into the p-region and combinewith holes in acceptor atoms, producing a layer of negatively-charged impurityatoms. The opposite action also takes place, holes from acceptor atoms in the p-region crossing into the n-region, combining with electrons and producingpositively-charged impurity atoms Book 4. The net result of these movements isthe disappearance of conduction electrons and holes from the vicinity of thejunction and the establishment t here of a reverse electric field, which ispositive on the n-side and negative on the p-side. This reverse field plays avital part in the functioning of the device. The area in which it is set up iscalled the depletion area or barrier layerBook 4. When light falls on the front surface, photons with energy in excess of theenergy gap (1.1 eV in crystalline silicon) interact with valence electrons andlift them to the conduction band. This movement leaves behind holes, so eachphoton is said to generate an electron-hole pair Book 2. In the crystallinesilicon, electron-hole generation takes place throughout the thickness of thecell, in concentrations depending on the irradiance and the spectral compositionof the light. Photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength. The highlyenergetic photons in the ultra-violet and blue part of the spectrum are absorbedvery near the surface, while the less energetic longer wave photons in the redand infrared are absorbed deeper in the crystal and further from the junctionBook 4. Most are absorbed within a thickness of 100 m. The electrons and holes diffuse through the crystal in an effort to producean even distribution. Some recombine after a lifetime of the order of onemillisecond, neutralizing their charges and giving up energy in the form of heat. Others reach the junction before their lifetime has expired. There they areseparated by the reverse field, the electrons being accelerated towards thenegative contact and the holes towards the positive Book 5. If the cell isconnected to a load, electrons will be pushed from the negative contact throughthe load to the positive contact, where they will recombine with holes. Thisconstitutes an electric current. In crystalline silicon cells, the currentgenerated by radiation of a particular spectral composition is directlyproportional to the irradiance Book 2. Some types of solar cell, however, donot exhibit this linear relationship. The silicon solar cell has many advantages such as high reliability,photovoltaic power plants can be put up easily and quickly, photovoltaic powerplants are quite modular and can respond to sudden changes in solar input whichoccur when clouds pass by. However there are still some major problems with them. They still cost too much for mass use and are relatively inefficient withconversion efficiencies of 20% to 30%. With time, both of these problems will besolved through mass production and new technological advances in semiconductors. Bibliography1) Green, Martin Solar Cells, Operating Principles, Technology and SystemApplications. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1989. pg 104-1062) Hovel, Howard Solar Cells, Semiconductors and Semimetals. New York, AcademicPress, 1990. pg 334-3393) Newham, Michael ,Photovoltaics, The Sunrise Industry, Solar Energy, October1, 1989, pp 253-2564) Pulfrey, Donald Photovoltaic Power Generation. Oxford, Van Norstrand Co.,1988. pg 56-615) Treble, Fredrick Generating Electricity from the Sun. New York, PergamonPress, 1991. pg 192-195 Category: Science

The Novel 1984 By George Orwell Is An American Classic That Explores T

The novel 1984 by George Orwell is an American classic that explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the negative-utopian society. Imagine living in a "world of monstrous machines and terrifying weapons. Warriors fighting, triumphing, persecuting...three million people all with the same face,"(64) and there is the world of 1984, frightening, grotesque, and completely controlled by the ruling Party. Winston Smith is an insignificant member of the ruling Party, in the nation of Oceania. Everywhere Winston goes, even his own home, he is watched through telescreens, and everywhere he looks he sees the face of the Party's omniscient leader, the figure known only as Big Brother. The Party controls everything, even the people's history and language. The Party is currently forcing the implementation of an invented language called Newspeak, which prevents the possibility for political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it. Even thinking rebellious thoughts is illegal, and is known as thoughtcrime, which is the worst crime of all. Thoughtcrime is the work of the Thought Police, who "snoop in on conversations, always watching your every move, controlling the minds and thoughts of the people"(6). As the novel opens, Winston feels frustrated by the oppression and rigid control of the Party, which prohibits free thought, sex, and any expression of individuality. He has illegally purchased a diary in which to write his criminal thoughts, and has become fixated on a powerful Party member named O'Brien, whom Winston believes is a secret member of the Brotherhood, the legendary group headed by Emmanuel Goldstein that works to overthrow the Party. Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to fit the needs of the Party. He has noticed a co-worker, a beautiful dark-haired girl, staring at him; he worries that she is an informant who will turn him in for his thoughtcrime. He worries about the Party's control of history: it claims Oceania has always been allied with Eastasia in a war against Eurasia, but Winston seems to recall a time when this wasn't true. The Party also claims that Emmanuel Goldstein is the most dangerous man alive, but Winston doubts the claim. He spends his evenings wandering through the poorest neighborhoods in Oceania, where the proletarians, or proles, live relatively unimpeded by Party monitoring. One day, Winston receives a note from the dark-haired girl that reads, I love you. Her name is Julia, and they begin a covert affair, always on the lookout for signs of Party monitoring; they rent a room above the second-hand store in the prole district where Winston bought the di ary. Finally, he receives the message he seeks: O'Brien wants to see him. O'Brien indoctrinates Winston and Julia into the Brotherhood, and gives Winston a copy of Emmanuel Goldstein's book. Winston reads the book to Julia in the room they rent above a store, completely secure from the telescreens, or so they think. Suddenly soldiers crash in and seize them; the proprietor of the store has been a member of the Thought Police all along. Torn away from Julia and taken to a place called the Ministry of Love, Winston finds that O'Brien was a Party spy as well. O'Brien spends months torturing and brainwashing Winston, trying to get him to believe in the Party and all of its hypocrisy like everyone else in Oceania. Winston reaches the final step, and is sent to the dreaded room 101. Here, O'Brien straps a cage full of rats, which is what Winston fears most, onto Winston's head and prepares to allow the rats to eat his face. Winston snaps, pleading with O'Brien to do it to Julia, not to hi m. His spirit broken, and Winston has been fully brainwashed and is released to the outside world. On his way home one day he meets Julia in the streets, and both know that they have betrayed each other in the Ministry of Love. They depart each other with few words, and know that there can never be anything between them again. Winston, a man who once said "the only thing that can keep you human is to not allow the government to get inside you"(137), looks up at a poster of Big Brother,